Epithelial, Connective, Muscle, and Nervous and Where They Can Be Found in the Body
4.1 Types of Tissues
Learning Objectives
Identify the main tissue types and discourse their roles in the hominian body.
By the oddment of this part, you will equal fit to:
- Identify the iv primary tissue types and discuss the structure and function of each
- Describe the embryotic origin of tissue
- Identify the diverse types of tissue paper membranes and the unique qualities of each
The term tissue paper is wont to describe a group of cells that are similar in structure and perform a specific function. Histology is the the field of subject area that involves the microscopic examination of weave appearance, organization, and function.
Tissues are organized into quadruplet extensive categories settled connected structural and functional similarities. These categories are epithelial, connective, muscle, and nervous. The primary tissue types work together to contribute to the total wellness and upkee of the anatomy. Thus, whatsoever disruption in the structure of a tissue paper can confidential information to injury or disease.
The Four Primary quill Weave Types
Epithelial tissue refers to groups of cells that cover the exterior surfaces of the body, line internal cavities and passageways, and organise certain glands. Connector tissue, every bit its name implies, binds the cells and variety meat of the body unneurotic. Muscularity tissue contracts forcefully when excited, providing campaign. Nerve tissue is as wel excitable, allowing for the genesis and propagation of electrochemical signals in the form of cheek impulses that put across between different regions of the body (Figure 4.1.1).
An intellect of the various direct tissue types present in the human consistency is essential for understanding the structure and function of organs which are composed of cardinal or more primary tissue paper types. This chapter volition focus on examining epithelial and connective tissues. Muscle and nerve tissue will be discussed in detail in prox chapters.
Embryologic Origin of Tissues
The cells composing a tissue share a common embryonic origin. The zygote, or fertilized egg, is a single cell formed away the coalition of an egg and spermatozoon. After fertilization, the zygote gives rise numerous cells to signifier the conceptus. The first embryonic cells generated have the ability to differentiate into any type of cell in the body and, as such, are called all-powerful, meaning each has the capacity to divide, differentiate, and develop into a new organism. Eastern Samoa cell proliferation progresses, three major cell lines are established within the embryo. Each of these lines of embryotic cells forms the distinct germ layers from which all the tissues and organs of the human physical structure one of these days form. Each bug layer is identified past its relative position: ectoderm (ecto- = "outer"), mesoblast (meso- = "in-between"), and endoderm (endo- = "inner"). Figure 4.1.2 shows the types of tissues and organs joint with each of the three germ layers. Note that epithelial tissue originates in all three layers, whereas nervous tissue derives primarily from the ectoderm and muscle tissue derives from the mesoderm.
Foreign Website
View this slideshow to learn more about fore cells. How do somatic stem cells dissent from embryonic staunch cells?
Tissue Membranes
A tissue membrane is a dilute layer or shrou of cells that either covers the outside of the body (e.g., rind), lines an internal body cavity (e.g., serosa dental caries), lines a vessel (e.g., blood vessel), or lines a movable joint cavity (e.g., diarthrosis). Ii basic types of tissue membranes are recognized based on the primary tissue type composition each: connective tissue membranes and epithelial membranes (Fancy 4.1.3).
Connection Weave Membranes
A connective tissue membrane is stacked entirely of connective tissue. This typewrite of membrane may be found encapsulating an organ, so much as the kidney, or facing the cavity of a freely movable joint (e.g., shoulder). When lining a joint, this tissue layer is referred to as a synovial membrane. Cells in the inner layer of the secretion membrane release synovial fluid, a natural lubricant that enables the bones of a joint to go around freely against one some other with reduced friction.
Epithelial Membranes
An animal tissue tissue layer is composed of an epithelial layer attached to a layer of connective tissue. A mucous tissue layer, sometimes called a mucous membrane, lines a body cavity surgery hollow passageway that is open to the external environment. This type of membrane can be found liner portions of the organic process, respiratory, expelling, and reproductive tracts. Mucous secretion, produced by uniglandular cells and glandular tissue, coats the epithelial layer. The underlying connective tissue, named the lamina propria (literally "personal bed"), helps support the epithelial layer.
A serous membrane lines the cavities of the body that do not open to the external environment. Serous unstable secreted by the cells of the epithelium lubricates the tissue layer and reduces corrasion and rubbing betwixt organs. Serous membranes are known reported to location. Tierce serous membranes are launch lining the thoracic cavity; cardinal membranes that cover the lungs (pleura) and one tissue layer that covers the heart (pericardium). A quartern serous membrane, the peritoneum, lines the serosa pit, covering the abdominal variety meat and forming double sheets of mesenteries that suspend many of the digestive organs.
A body covering membrane is a multi-layered membrane composed of epithelial and conjunction tissues. The apical skin-deep of this membrane exposed to the foreign environment and is covered with dead, keratinized cells that help protect the body from desiccation and pathogens. The skin is an example of a cutaneous membrane.
Chapter Review
Aggregations of cells in the human being body personify classified into four types of tissues: epithelial, connexion, muscle, and nervous. Epithelial tissues play coverings, controlling the front of materials across their surface. Connective tissue binds the versatile parts of the body together, providing support and protection. Muscle tissue allows the body to move and nervous tissues functions in communication.
All cells and tissues in the body derive from three germ layers: the ectoderm, mesoderm, and endoderm.
Membranes are layers of conjunction and epithelial tissues that line the outside environment and internal body cavities of the body. Synovial membranes are connecter tissue membranes that protect and line the freely-movable joints. Animal tissue membranes are cool of both epithelium and connective tissue. These membranes are found lining the international body surface (cutaneal membranes and secretion membranes) or lining the internal body cavities (serous membranes).
Mutual Link Questions
Horizon this slideshow to learn more about fore cells. How do somatic stem cells take issue from embryonic shank cells?
Well-nig corporeal stem cells give rise to only a few cellular phone types.
Review Questions
Dangerous Thinking Questions
Identify the four types of weave in the body, and describe the major functions of for each one tissue.
The four types of tissues in the body are epithelial, connective, muscle, and nervous. Epithelial tissue is made of layers of cells that covert the surfaces of the body that inherit contact with the exterior world, line internal cavities, and form glands. Connective tissue binds the cells and variety meat of the body together and performs many an functions, especially in the protection, support, and integration of the body. Muscle tissue, which responds to stimulation and contracts to provide movement, is divided into three prima types: skeletal (voluntary) muscles, simple muscles, and the heart muscle in the tenderness. Nervous tissue allows the physical structure to receive signals and transmit information as electric impulses from one region of the body to another.
The zygote is delineated A omnipotent because it ultimately gives rise to all the cells in your body including the highly specialized cells of your nervous system. Describe this changeover, discussing the steps and processes that lead to these special cells.
The fertilized ovum divides into galore cells. As these cells become specialized, they lose their power to differentiate into wholly tissues. At first they form the three direct germ layers. Following the cells of the ectodermal source layer, they too become more restricted in what they can form. Ultimately, approximately of these ectodermal cells become further restricted and differentiate in to nerve cells.
What happens when a terminally specialized cell reverts to a inferior differentiated state?
What is the function of synovial membranes?
Secretion membranes are a type of connective tissue membrane that supports mobility in joints. The tissue layer lines the reefer cavity and contains fibroblasts that raise hyaluronan, which leads to the product of secretion fluid, a natural lubricant that enables the bones of a joint to move freely against one another.
Epithelial, Connective, Muscle, and Nervous and Where They Can Be Found in the Body
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